Moderate
Established
설명
Amoxicillin can reduce the renal clearance of methotrexate by inhibiting tubular secretion, increasing methotrexate plasma levels and risk of toxicity.
기전
Penicillin-class antibiotics including amoxicillin inhibit organic anion transporters (OAT1/OAT3) in the renal proximal tubule that mediate active secretion of methotrexate, prolonging its elimination half-life.
임상적 중요성
Case reports and a small prospective study document 2- to 3-fold methotrexate AUC increases with beta-lactam co-administration; neutropenia and mucositis have occurred.
관리 방법
Avoid amoxicillin around high-dose methotrexate infusions; if co-administration is unavoidable with low-dose methotrexate, monitor CBC and renal function closely.