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Hepatic Extraction Ratio (ER)

ER
Pharmacokinetics

The fraction of drug removed from blood during a single pass through the liver. High extraction drugs (>0.7) have flow-dependent clearance; low extraction drugs (<0.3) have enzyme-dependent clearance.

Examples

  • High ER: lidocaine, morphine, propranolol
  • Low ER: warfarin, diazepam, theophylline

Did You Know?

The fraction of drug removed from blood during a single pass through the liver. High extraction drugs (>0.7) have flow-dependent clearance; low extraction drugs (<0.3) have enzyme-dependent clearance.