Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)

A family of pattern recognition receptors (TLR1–TLR10 in humans) on innate immune cells that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLR activation triggers NF-kB signaling and cytokine production. They are exploited as drug targets for immunomodulation and vaccine adjuvants.

例

• TLR7 activated by imiquimod (basal cell carcinoma, genital warts)
• TLR4 signaling modulated by eritoran (sepsis research)
• TLR9 agonists used as vaccine adjuvants (e.g., CpG oligonucleotides)