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Alprazolam

CHEMBL661 Phase 4 Approuvé Small molecule
Half-Life
6-12 hours
Bioavailability
—
Protein Binding
—
Molecular Weight
308.8 g/mol
LogP
2.1
Phase
4

A high-potency benzodiazepine, alprazolam amplifies the action of GABA, the brain's principal inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding the GABA-A receptor and increasing chloride flow into neurons. The enhanced inhibition produces calming, anxiety-reducing, and sedative effects, and it is prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and anxiety accompanying depression. A triazolobenzodiazepine small molecule (C17H13ClN4) with a half-life of roughly 6 to 12 hours, it acts relatively quickly, a property that contributes both to its usefulness in acute anxiety and to its potential for dependence. Prolonged use can lead to tolerance and a withdrawal syndrome when stopped abruptly, reflecting the nervous system's adaptation to sustained GABA enhancement. Alprazolam is an approved anxiolytic prescribed under careful supervision because of these risks.

A benzodiazepine medication that enhances the effect of GABA, the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter, producing calming, anti-anxiety, and sedative effects. It is prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and anxiety associated with depression, though it carries risks of dependence and withdrawal with prolonged use.

Masse moléculaire

308,7650 g/mol

LogP

2,10

TPSA

43,10 Ų

Règle des 5 de Lipinski

Conforme

Aires thérapeutiques

Pain Management Ophthalmology Asthma Alzheimer's Disease Epilepsy Migraine Schizophrenia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Type 2 Diabetes Chronic Pain

Classes de médicaments

N — N - Nervous System

Mécanisme d'action

High-potency benzodiazepine GABA-A receptor modulator.

Pharmacokinetics (PK)

Half-Life 6-12 hours

Pharmacodynamics (PD)

Mécanisme

High-potency benzodiazepine GABA-A receptor modulator.

Structure 2D

SVG PNG

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SMILES

                    
Cc1nnc2n1-c1ccc(Cl)cc1C(c1ccccc1)=NC2

                

                

                
                

                    
InChI

                    
InChI=1S/C17H13ClN4/c1-11-20-21-16-10-19-17(12-5-3-2-4-6-12)14-9-13(18)7-8-15(14)22(11)16/h2-9H,10H2,1H3

                

                

                

                    
                    

                        
Molecular Formula

                        
C17H13ClN4

                    

                    
                    

                        
HBD / HBA

                        
- / 3

                    

                    
                    

                        
Liaisons Rotatives

                        
1

                    

                    
                    
                    

                        
Atomes Lourds

                        
22

                    

                    
                

            


            
            

                
                

                    
                    

                        

                            GABRA1 (GABA-A Receptor)
                            Agonist
                        

                        
                        Primary Target
                        
                    

                    
                    

                        

                            CYP3A4 (Cytochrome P450 3A4)
                            Substrate
                        

                        
                    

                    
                

                
            


            
            

                
                

                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Major


                            
                                Alprazolam + Zolpidem
                            
                        

                        
                        
Combining alprazolam with zolpidem produces additive CNS depression, profound sedation, psychomotor impairment, and respiratory depression risk.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Major


                            
                                Alprazolam + Oxycodone
                            
                        

                        
                        
The combination of alprazolam and oxycodone carries an FDA boxed warning for profound CNS depression, respiratory depression, and death.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Major


                            
                                Alprazolam + Morphine
                            
                        

                        
                        
Alprazolam combined with morphine carries an FDA boxed warning for serious risk of respiratory depression, sedation, coma, and death.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Major


                            
                                Alprazolam + Tramadol
                            
                        

                        
                        
Alprazolam combined with tramadol increases CNS and respiratory depression risk and may also increase seizure risk from the serotonergic interaction.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Major


                            
                                Alprazolam + Quetiapine
                            
                        

                        
                        
Co-administration of alprazolam and quetiapine produces additive CNS depression with risk of profound sedation and respiratory compromise.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Moderate


                            
                                Alprazolam + Diphenhydramine
                            
                        

                        
                        
Diphenhydramine adds to the sedative effects of alprazolam, increasing the risk of excessive CNS depression, falls, and cognitive impairment.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Moderate


                            
                                Alprazolam + Gabapentin
                            
                        

                        
                        
Alprazolam and gabapentin produce additive CNS depression, increasing the risk of sedation, dizziness, and psychomotor impairment.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Moderate


                            
                                Alprazolam + Cetirizine
                            
                        

                        
                        
Cetirizine has mild CNS depressant properties that can be additive with the sedative effects of alprazolam, increasing the risk of excessive sedation, psychomotor impairment, and respiratory depression.

                        
                    
                    
                

                
            


            
            

                
                


    
    
        
    
    
    
No side effects recorded

    
    
Side effect data is not yet available for this drug.

    



                
            


            
            
            

                
Foire aux questions

                

                    
                    

                        
                        

                            
A benzodiazepine medication that enhances the effect of GABA, the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter, producing calming, anti-anxiety, and sedative effects. It is prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and anxiety associated with depression, though it carries risks of dependence and withdrawal with prolonged use.

                        

                    

                    

                    

                    
                    

                        
                        

                            
High-potency benzodiazepine GABA-A receptor modulator.

                        

                    

                    

                    
                    

                        
                        

                            
Key pharmacokinetic parameters for Alprazolam: Half-life: 6-12 hours.

                        

                    

                    

                    

                        
                        

                            
Yes, Alprazolam is an approved drug. It has reached clinical phase 4. It is classified as a Small molecule.

                        

                    

                

            

            

            
            

            
            
            

                
Related Drugs


                
                

                    
Same Drug Class

                    

                        
                        
                            Acetaminophen
                            Small molecule
                        
                        
                        
                            Aspirin
                            Small molecule
                        
                        
                        
                            Sertraline
                            Small molecule
                        
                        
                        
                            Escitalopram
                            Small molecule
                        
                        
                    

                

                

                
                
                
            

            

            
            
{# References & Data Sources section for drug detail pages.
   Renders standard pharmacological database links plus the drug's data_sources field. #}


    
References & Data Sources

    
    
        
        
  • 
            
            
                ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).
                CHEMBL661.
                Open-access bioactivity database.
            
        
    • 
        
        
        
  • 
            
            
                PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
                CID 2118.
                Chemical information database.
            
        
    • 
        
        
        
        
    

    
Data aggregated from publicly available pharmacological databases. Last updated 2026-03-04.




        


        
        
    


    



    
Avertissement médical

    

        This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making medication decisions.
    

    

        Data sources:
        ChEMBL,
        PubChem,
        DailyMed.