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Hydrochlorothiazide

CHEMBL435 Phase 4 Đã phê duyệt Small molecule
Half-Life
6-15 hours
Bioavailability
—
Protein Binding
—
Molecular Weight
297.7 g/mol
LogP
-0.1
Phase
4

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that acts in the kidney's distal convoluted tubule, where it blocks the sodium-chloride cotransporter to increase salt and water excretion. Beyond the initial fluid loss, longer-term use also relaxes blood vessels, and both effects contribute to its role in lowering blood pressure. It is used alone or combined with other antihypertensives, and for the edema of heart failure; by reducing urinary calcium it can also help prevent certain kidney stones. A sulfonamide-based small molecule (C7H8ClN3O4S2) with a half-life of about 6 to 15 hours, it is one of the most established blood-pressure medications. Its effect on ion handling can lower potassium, so electrolyte balance is watched during therapy. Hydrochlorothiazide is an approved agent widely used in hypertension management.

A thiazide diuretic that lowers blood pressure by reducing fluid volume through increased urine output and by relaxing blood vessels, widely used alone or in combination with other antihypertensives to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and edema. It is also used to prevent kidney stones in patients with high urinary calcium. Potassium levels should be monitored as this medication can cause hypokalemia.

Khối lượng phân tử

297,7400 g/mol

LogP

-0,10

TPSA

135,00 Ų

Lipinski RO5

Đạt

Lĩnh vực điều trị

Cardiovascular Disease Pain Management Generalized Anxiety Disorder Melanoma Chronic Kidney Disease Stroke Hyperlipidemia Obesity Type 2 Diabetes Hypertension Chronic Pain HIV/AIDS Heart Failure Atrial Fibrillation

Phân loại thuốc

C — C - Cardiovascular System

Cơ chế tác dụng

Inhibits Na+/Cl- cotransporter in distal convoluted tubule.

Pharmacokinetics (PK)

Half-Life 6-15 hours

Pharmacodynamics (PD)

Cơ chế

Inhibits Na+/Cl- cotransporter in distal convoluted tubule.

Cấu trúc 2D

SVG PNG

Cite this structure


                        

                            
                            
                        

                    

                


                
                

                    

                    

                        
Embed this structure

                        

                        

                            
                            
                        

                    

                

                

                
                

                    
SMILES

                    
NS(=O)(=O)c1cc2c(cc1Cl)NCNS2(=O)=O

                

                

                
                

                    
InChI

                    
InChI=1S/C7H8ClN3O4S2/c8-4-1-5-7(2-6(4)16(9,12)13)17(14,15)11-3-10-5/h1-2,10-11H,3H2,(H2,9,12,13)

                

                

                

                    
                    

                        
Molecular Formula

                        
C7H8ClN3O4S2

                    

                    
                    

                        
HBD / HBA

                        
3 / 7

                    

                    
                    

                        
Liên kết có thể quay

                        
1

                    

                    
                    
                    

                        
Nguyên tử nặng

                        
17

                    

                    
                

            


            
            

                
                

                    
                    

                        

                            SCN9A (Sodium Channel Nav1.7)
                            Inhibitor
                        

                        
                        Primary Target
                        
                    

                    
                

                
            


            
            

                
                

                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Major


                            
                                Hydrochlorothiazide + Lithium Carbonate
                            
                        

                        
                        
Thiazide diuretics increase lithium reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule, reliably causing lithium toxicity without dose adjustment.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Minor


                            
                                Hydrochlorothiazide + Lisinopril
                            
                        

                        
                        
The ACE inhibitor and thiazide combination is guideline-recommended for hypertension but can cause first-dose hypotension and metabolic disturbances including hypokalemia or hyperkalemia.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Minor


                            
                                Hydrochlorothiazide + Losartan
                            
                        

                        
                        
Losartan + hydrochlorothiazide is a guideline-recommended combination for hypertension; the primary interactions are additive hypotension and variable electrolyte effects.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Minor


                            
                                Hydrochlorothiazide + Memantine
                            
                        

                        
                        
Hydrochlorothiazide may reduce renal clearance of memantine through alkalinisation of urine, as memantine elimination is pH-dependent; the clinical impact is generally minor.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Moderate


                            
                                Hydrochlorothiazide + Naproxen
                            
                        

                        
                        
Naproxen reduces the diuretic and antihypertensive efficacy of thiazide diuretics, blunting blood pressure control.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Minor


                            
                                Hydrochlorothiazide + Gabapentin
                            
                        

                        
                        
Hydrochlorothiazide-induced sodium and fluid loss can increase the risk of dizziness and orthostatic hypotension when combined with gabapentin, which also causes dizziness and impairs balance.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Moderate


                            
                                Hydrochlorothiazide + Furosemide
                            
                        

                        
                        
Sequential nephron blockade with furosemide and thiazide diuretics produces a synergistic diuretic effect that can rapidly cause severe hypovolemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia.

                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            

  
  Moderate


                            
                                Hydrochlorothiazide + Empagliflozin
                            
                        

                        
                        
The combination of empagliflozin and hydrochlorothiazide can cause additive volume depletion and hypotension, and may also increase the risk of genital mycotic infections through shared glucosuria.

                        
                    
                    
                

                
            


            
            

                
                


    
    
        
    
    
    
No side effects recorded

    
    
Side effect data is not yet available for this drug.

    



                
            


            
            
            

                
Câu hỏi thường gặp

                

                    
                    

                        
                        

                            
A thiazide diuretic that lowers blood pressure by reducing fluid volume through increased urine output and by relaxing blood vessels, widely used alone or in combination with other antihypertensives to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and edema. It is also used to prevent kidney stones in patients with high urinary calcium. Potassium levels should be monitored as this medication can cause hypokalemia.

                        

                    

                    

                    

                    
                    

                        
                        

                            
Inhibits Na+/Cl- cotransporter in distal convoluted tubule.

                        

                    

                    

                    
                    

                        
                        

                            
Key pharmacokinetic parameters for Hydrochlorothiazide: Half-life: 6-15 hours.

                        

                    

                    

                    

                        
                        

                            
Yes, Hydrochlorothiazide is an approved drug. It has reached clinical phase 4. It is classified as a Small molecule.

                        

                    

                

            

            

            
            

            
            
            

                
Related Drugs


                
                

                    
Same Drug Class

                    

                        
                        
                            Atorvastatin
                            Small molecule
                        
                        
                        
                            Amlodipine
                            Small molecule
                        
                        
                        
                            Lisinopril
                            Small molecule
                        
                        
                        
                            Metoprolol
                            Small molecule
                        
                        
                    

                

                

                
                
                
            

            

            
            
{# References & Data Sources section for drug detail pages.
   Renders standard pharmacological database links plus the drug's data_sources field. #}


    
References & Data Sources

    
    
        
        
  • 
            
            
                ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).
                CHEMBL435.
                Open-access bioactivity database.
            
        
    • 
        
        
        
  • 
            
            
                PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
                CID 3639.
                Chemical information database.
            
        
    • 
        
        
        
        
    

    
Data aggregated from publicly available pharmacological databases. Last updated 2026-03-04.




        


        
        
    


    



    
Tuyên bố miễn trách y tế

    

        This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making medication decisions.
    

    

        Data sources:
        ChEMBL,
        PubChem,
        DailyMed.