Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI)

A class of immunotherapy drugs that block immune checkpoint proteins (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4) which normally dampen T-cell activity. By releasing the brakes on anti-tumor immune responses, checkpoint inhibitors enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Response rates vary by tumor type and are associated with immune-related adverse events affecting any organ system.

Ví dụ

• Nivolumab — anti-PD-1 (melanoma, NSCLC, renal cell carcinoma)
• Atezolizumab — anti-PD-L1 (urothelial carcinoma, NSCLC)
• Ipilimumab — anti-CTLA-4 (melanoma, often combined with nivolumab)